Aplikasi Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih Memperlambat Pembentukan Bintik Hitam pada Udang Vaname

Tatty Yuniarti - ORCID ORCID
Iin Siti Djunaidah ORCID
Lilis Supenti
Suharyadi Suharyadi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33378/jppik.v12i2.101

Abstract

Bawang mengandung senyawa bioaktif, seperti organosulfur, komponen fenolik, dan flavonoid yang mempunyai kemampuan antioksidan. Udang pada saat keluar dari air, mengalami reaksi oksidasi enzimatik, asam amino tirosin yang mengandung gugus fenol dioksidasi oleh enzim polifenol oksidase, mengakibatkan pembentukan bintik hitam atau blackspot pada tubuh udang. Pembentukan blackspot tersebut dapat menurunkan nilai ekonomi, sehingga merugikan perusahaan udang segar. Penelitian bertujuan meneliti bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum) yang diekstraksi menggunakan air terhadap pembentukan blackspot pada udang vaname (Litopeneaus vannameii). Udang direndam menggunakan larutan ekstrak bawang merah dan bawang putih (1:1 dan 1:2), disimpan selama 10 hari pada suhu 0 oC. Udang tanpa ekstrak bawang dan udang dengan sodium metabisulfit (SMS) digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Nilai melanosis udang dengan perendaman ekstrak bawang merah perbandingan 1:1 pada penyimpanan hari ke-10, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak bawang lainnya, sehingga memperlambat pembentukan blackspot namun masih lebih efektif bila menggunakan SMS. Pengaruh ekstrak bawang terhadap kesegaran udang diamati pada atribut kenampakan, secara umum mengalami kemunduran mutu paling cepat dibandingkan atribut bau dan tekstur. Penambahan ekstrak bawang merah dan bawang putih tidak menimbulkan perubahan mutu atribut tekstur dan bau yang siginifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Nilai indeks browning menunjukkan udang dengan perendaman bawang merah 1:1 mengalami perubahan yang paling lambat dibandingkan lainnya. Ekstrak air bawang merah : akuades dengan perbandingan 1:1 berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan penghambat pembentukan blackspot udang vaname, tanpa memberikan pengaruh terhadap bau dan tekstur udang.

Keywords

bawang; blackspot; browning; melanosis; udang vaname

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